Comparison of foliar and soil formulations of neonicotinoid insecticides for control of potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), in wine grapes

BACKGROUND: The potential of systemic neonicotinoid insecticides to control potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris), a damaging pest of wine grapes in the eastern United States, was investigated. Soil or foliar applications were made to potted or field‐grown vines, and the response of leafhoppers was determined in clip cages over the following month on young or mature leaves. RESULTS: Foliar application of imidacloprid caused immediate and long‐lasting reductions in E. fabae survival on both leaf ages, whereas the activity of soil‐applied imidacloprid was delayed. Clothianidin, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam all provided long‐lasting reduction in leafhopper survival on young and mature foliage when applied through either delivery route. However, the percentage of moribund nymphs was significantly greater on foliar‐treated vines and increased over time in mature and immature leaves compared with soil‐treated vines. Residue analysis of foliar‐applied imidacloprid showed an 89% decline in mature leaves from day 1 to day 27, and a 98% decline in immature leaves over the same time period. Comparison of soil‐applied clothianidin, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam in field‐grown vines showed significant reduction in E. fabae only on mature leaves of vines treated with thiamethoxam. CONCLUSIONS: Neonicotinoids can control E. fabae in small vines, even in rapidly expanding foliage where this pest causes greatest injury. Soil application provides superior long‐term vine protection because declining residues on foliar‐treated vines lead to suboptimal activity within 2–3 weeks. Vineyard managers of susceptible cultivars may take advantage of this approach to E. fabae management by using foliar applications of the three neonicotinoids tested here, or by using soil‐applied thiamethoxam. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

4种不同杀虫剂防治淮山斜纹夜蛾药效试验

通过选用4种不同的杀虫剂防治淮山斜纹夜蛾试验，结果表明：药后10d，10亿PIB／mL银纹夜蛾多角体病毒悬浮剂（奥绿一号）处理的防效达100％，0．15％甲氨阿维·1000万PIB／mL苜银夜核悬浮剂（攻蛾）防效达92．8％，15％杜邦安打悬浮剂防效达91．7％，这3种药剂值得在生产上推广应用。     

“难分离有机磷杀虫剂对”的毛细管气相色谱法分析研究

研究了用3种大口径毛细管柱分析由有机磷杀虫剂组成的“难分离有机磷对”。HP－1大口径毛细管柱只能分离由甲基对硫磷和其它有机磷杀虫剂组成的“有机磷对”；QF－1大口径毛细管柱能够分离部分“有机磷对”；阿皮松L固定液大口径毛细管柱能完全分离马拉硫磷和水胺硫磷组成的“有机磷对”。     

Long-term impacts of an organophosphate-based regime of pesticides on field and field-edge Collembola communities

During a 6-year study, effects of two contrasting regimes of pesticide use on pitfall and suction catches of Collembola were monitored in an arable field under a rotation of grass and winter wheat. Current farm practice (CFP) represented conventional fungicide and herbicide use plus applications of organophosphorus (OP) insecticides, whereas reduced input approach (RIA) utilised minimum inputs of fungicides and herbicides and excluded any use of insecticides. Compared with RIA, the CFP regime caused a substantial decline in the abundance and diversity of Collembola in the field, including the local disappearance of one species, without recovery during the study. At the field edge, which was protected during OP applications by a 6-m unsprayed buffer zone, effects of the CFP regime were less severe, and were not persistent in the long term. Some Collembola species occurred only in field-edge samples. Pitfall and suction sampling yielded remarkably similar patterns of catches, indicating that pitfall trapping may be appropriate for detecting long-term changes in collembolan abundance caused by intensive agricultural management practices.     

Insecticide resistance in disease vectors of public health importance

Vector-borne diseases are a global problem--a trend that may only increase if global temperature rises and demographic trends continue--and their economic and social impact are enormous. Insecticides play a vital role in the fight against these diseases by controlling the vectors themselves in order to improve public health; however, resistance to commonly used insecticides is on the rise. This perspective outlines the major classes of disease vector control agents and the mechanisms of resistance that have evolved, arguing that effective resistance management strategies must carefully monitor resistance in field populations and use combinations of the limited modes of action available to best effect. Moreover, the development of novel insecticide classes for control of adult mosquitoes and other vectors becomes increasingly important.     

4种杀虫剂对东方蜜1号抗性瓜蚜的防治效果

为了探究不同杀虫剂对东方蜜1抗性瓜蚜（黄蚜）的防治效果,开展了4种杀虫剂对东方蜜1号黄蚜的防治效果试验。结果表明,在供试浓度下,50g/L双丙环虫酯可分散液剂、46%氟啶·啶虫脒水分散粒剂、40%氟虫·乙多素水分散粒剂、50%吡蚜酮水分散粒剂对东方蜜1号瓜蚜的防治效果在87%以上,都可做为东方蜜1号瓜蚜的防治药剂。其中50g/L双丙环虫酯可分散液剂、46%氟啶·啶虫脒水分散粒剂、40%氟虫·乙多素水分散粒剂药后7d防效分别为95.73%±0.77、96.%±0.31、97.36%±1.27,防治效果出色。     

广西甘蔗主产区二点螟对防治农药的敏感性测定

[目的]通过抗药性监测,摸清广西主要蔗区二点螟对防治农药的敏感性,以期为广西甘蔗二点螟的合理用药及抗性治理提供参考.[方法]采用点滴法,测定广西主要蔗区二点螟种群对当前主要防治农药克百威、特丁磷和毒死蜱及新推广农药氯虫苯甲酰胺的敏感性.[结果]甘蔗二点螟对不同农药的敏感性由强到弱依次为:氯虫苯甲酰胺＞克百威＞特丁磷＞毒死蜱.不同蔗区二点螟种群对同一种农药的敏感性存在明显差异,克百威以南宁种群的耐药性最强,特丁磷以来宾种群的耐药性最强,毒死蜱以百色种群的耐药性最强,氯虫苯甲酰胺对各地二点螟种群仍保持高度敏感,其致死中量为0.4177～0.6087μg/g.不同蔗区二点螟种群对农药反应的分散程度由大到小依次为:氯虫苯甲酰胺＞克百威＞毒死蜱＞特丁磷.[结论]甘蔗二点螟对克百威、毒死蜱和特丁磷已产生不同程度的耐药性,对氯虫苯甲酰胺仍然保持高度敏感,但二点螟对氯虫苯甲酰胺产生抗药性的风险相对较高.     

几种杀虫剂对十字花科蔬菜小菜蛾的药效试验

用5种杀虫剂对十字花科小菜蛾的田间药效进行试验。结果表明:2%阿维菌素微乳剂和5%高效氯氟氰菊酯水乳剂对小菜蛾有良好的防治效果,药后2d防效达到82.4%以上,药后7d超过90.8%。2.2%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐微乳剂、1.5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐微乳剂和2.5%溴氰菊酯乳油药后2d防效在69.2%以上,药后7d达到87.8%。这些药剂均可作为防治小菜蛾的优良药剂。     

6个坚尼草品种比较试验报告

采用玻片浸渍法,进行了8种杀虫剂对海南白沙及东方两地的橡胶六点始叶螨(Eotetranychus sexmaculatus Riley.)♀成螨的室内毒力测定。结果表明：1.8% 阿维菌素对白沙及东方两地的♀成螨毒力均最高,LC50值分别为0.068 9、0.075 1 mg/L;其次为10% 溴虫腈和2.5% 高效氯氟氰菊酯,LC50值分别为15.481 6 、10.153 2 mg/L和431.895 2、350.068 2 mg/L,8种药剂对该螨雌成螨的毒力大小顺序均为阿维菌素、溴虫腈、高效氯氟氰菊酯、毒死蜱、哒螨灵、甲氰菊酯、三唑锡与克螨特。与敏感种群相比,白沙、东方两地六点始叶螨对克螨特、毒死蜱、甲氰菊酯、哒螨灵与三唑锡均已产生较高抗药性。